Millennium:
1st millennium
Centuries:
8th century 9th century 10th century
Decades:
800s 810s 820s 830s 840s
850s 860s 870s 880s 890s
Categories:
Births – Deaths
Establishments – Disestablishments


Eastern Hemisphere at the beginning of the 9th century AD.


Eastern Hemisphere at the end of the 9th century AD.
The 9th century is the period from 801 to 900 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era.


Europe in 9th century
Western European


This earthenware dish was made in 9th century Iraq. It is housed in the Freer Gallery of Art of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.
Art of the “Dark Ages”
First and foremost, art existed because the Church required it. The basic tools of the Roman Catholic mass, thousands of golden art objects were made. Sacred cups, vessels, reliqueries, crucifixes, rosaries, altar pieces, and statues of the Virgin and Child or Saints all kept the flame of art from dying out in the period. Architecture began to revive to some extent by the 9th century. It took the form of Church facilities of all kinds, and the first castle fortifications since Roman times began to take form in simple “moat and baily” castles, or simple “strong point” tower structures, with little refinement.
Worldwide Events


Brass Griffin beverage urn from 9th century



The Three Pagodas of Dali, Yunnan province, China, 9th and 10th centuries.
- The Arab merchant Shulama wrote that Chinese junk ships could carry 600 to 700
passengers aboard for sailing missions into the Indian Ocean. He wrote that the draft of Chinese ships was too deep for entering the Euphrates River (modern-day Iraq), which forced them to land small boats on the banks of the river for passengers and cargo instead.
- An unknown event causes the decline of the Maya Classical Era.
- Beowulf might have been written down in this century, though it could also have been in the 8th century.
- Reign of Charlemagne, and concurrent (and controversially labeled) Carolingian Renaissance in Western Europe.
- Large-scale Viking attacks on Europe begin, devastating countless numbers of people.
- Oseberg ship burial.
- The Magyars arrive in what is now Hungary, taking it from Bulgaria.
- The Tukolor settle in the Senegal river valley.
- Muslim traders settle in the northwest and southeast of Madagascar.
- 800 — Arab fleet sails up the Tiber.
- 803 — Construction on the Leshan Giant Buddha in Tang Dynasty China is complete, after 90 years of rock-carving on a massive cliff-side.
- C. 813-c. 915 — period of serious Arab naval raids on shores of Tyrrhenian and Adriatic seas.
- 830 – House of Wisdom, a library and translation institute, established by al-Ma'mun, Abbasid caliph, in Baghdad to transfer the knowledge of Greeks, Persians, Indians, etc to Muslim world. Also The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing which is one of the book of algebra is written by Al-Khwarizmi who worked there.
- 848-852 — The west bank of the Tiber is annexed into the city of Rome. A defensive wall, commissioned by Pope Leo IV, is built around what came to be called the Leonine City.
- 851 — The Arab merchant Suleiman al-Tajir visits the Chinese seaport at Guangzhou in southern China, and observes the manufacturing of porcelain, the Islamic mosque built at Guangzhou, the granary system of the city, and how its municipal administration functioned.
- 863 — The Chinese author Duan Chengshi describes the slave trade, ivory trade, and ambergris trade of Somalia in East Africa.
- 870 — Prague Castle founded.
- 800-909 — rule of Aghlabids as an independent Muslim dynasty in North Africa.
- 850-875 — The first Norse settlers arrive on Iceland.
- 859 Muslim established the oldest university in the world, University of Al Karaouine, in Fez, Morocco
- 863-879 — period of schism between eastern and western churches.
- 864 — Christianization of Bulgaria under Boris I
- 875-884 — Huang Chao leads an unsuccessful rebellion against the Tang Dynasty in China.
- Late 9th century: Bulgaria stretches from the mouth of the Danube to Epirus and Bosnia.
- In Italy, some cities became free republics: for instance Forli, in the 889.
- The Christian Nubian kingdom reaches its peak of prosperity and military power. (Early history of Sudan).
- Harald Fairhair was victorious at the battle of Hafrsfjord, and Norway was unified into one kingdom.
- Chess reaches Japan.
- 862 — The beginning the Rurik Dynasty in Russia
- 885 — arrival of the disciples of SS. Cyril and Methodius, Clement of Ohrid and Naum of Preslav in Bulgaria. Development of the Cyrillic Alphabet.
- 867 — onward Revival of the Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty.
- The Medieval Warm Period begins.
Significant people


Saint Clement of Ohrid
- Adi Sankara
- Al-Jahiz
- Alfred the Great
- Arnulf of Carinthia
- Basil I the Macedonian (Βασίλειος Α') (811-886), ruled (867)–(886)
- Boris I of Bulgaria
- Charlemagne
- Clement of Ohrid
- Han Yu
- Harald I of Norway
- Huang Chao
- Kenneth I of Scotland
- Louis the Pious
- Naum of Preslav
- Rurik
- Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius
- Taizu of Later Liang
- Wang Kon
Inventions, discoveries, introductions
- First image of a rotary grindstone in a European source — illustration shows crank, first known use of a crank in the West (Utrecht Psalter, A.D. 843)
- First known printed book, the Diamond Sutra, printed in China using woodblock printing in 868 AD.
- Invention of gunpowder by Chinese Taoist Alchemists
- Vulgar Latin begins to devolve into various Romance languages
Decades and years
Decades and years
9th century
7th century<-[8th century][3]<- ↔ ->10th century–>11th century
790s
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800s
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810s
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820s
820
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828
829
830s
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837
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839
840s
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841
842
843
844
845
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847
848
849
850s
850
851
852
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857
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859
860s
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
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870s
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879
880s
880
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890s
890
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895
896
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898
899
900s
900
901
902
903
904
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906
907
908
909
Centuries and millennia
Millennium Century
BC
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1st
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Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9th_century”