1934

Published on Saturday, June 24th 2006. Edited by New Agefigink, Fornebu, Norway.

Centuries: 19th century – 20th century – 21st century

Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s – 1930s – 1940s 1950s 1960s

Years: 1931 1932 1933 – 1934 – 1935 1936 1937

Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar.

Events of 1934

January

1 January: Alcatraz becomes a prison.

1 January
Alcatraz becomes a prison.
Nazi Germany passes the “Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring.”
7 January – The first Flash Gordon comic strip is published.
10 January – Execution of Marinus van der Lubbe.
13 January – The Candidate of Science degree is established in the USSR.
24 January
New Constitution of Estonia enters into force.
Einstein visits the White House
26 January
The Apollo Theatre opens in Harlem, New York City.
The 10 year German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact is signed by

Germany and the Second Polish Republic.

February

6 February – February 6, 1934 French political crisis. The French far right leagues rally in front of the Palais Bourbon, an attempted coup against the Third Republic
9 February – Gaston Doumergue forms a new government in France
12 February – The Export-Import Bank is incorporated.
12 February to 16 February – Austrian Civil War
16 February – Commission of Government sworn in as form of direct rule for the Dominion of Newfoundland.
22 February – Frank Capra’s It Happened One Night , starring Clark Gable and Claudette Colbert, is released. It becomes a smash hit and the first of Capra’s great screen classics. It will become the first film to win all five of the major Academy Awards – Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Screenplay, Best Director, and Best Picture. Gable and Colbert will receive their only Oscars for this film.
23 February – Léopold III becomes King of Belgium.

March

1 March – Manchuria becomes Manchukuo following an invasion by the Japanese
3 March – John Dillinger escapes from jail in Crown Point, Indiana, using a wooden pistol
8 March – Prince Sigvard of Sweden loses his titles because of his marriage.
12 March – A coup in Estonia by Konstantin Päts and general Johan Laidoner. All parties are banned.
13 March – John Dillinger, Baby Face Nelson and their gang rob the First National Bank in Mason City, Iowa.
20 March – All the police forces in Germany come under command of Heinrich Himmler
- Great Hakodate fire, killing at least 2,166 people at southern Hokkaido, Japan.

April

1 April – Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker kill two young highway patrolmen near Grapevine, Texas.
6 April – Rudyard Kipling and William Butler Yeats are awarded the Gothenburg Prize for Poetry.
14 April – Black Sunday, where twenty of the worst dust storms within the Dust Bowl
19 April – Surgeon R.K. Wilson allegedly takes a photograph of the Loch Ness Monster.
22 April – John Dillinger and two others shoot their way out of an FBI ambush in northern Wisconsin

May

11 May: dust storm in Great Plains.

7 May – Pearl of Lao Tzu, 24 x 14 cm, is found in a giant clam off Palawan, Philippines.
11 May – Dust Bowl: A strong two-day dust storm removes massive amounts of Great Plains topsoil in one of the worst dust storms of the Dust Bowl.
15 May
The United States Department of Justice offers a $25,000 reward for John Dillinger.
Kārlis Ulmanis establishes an authoritarian government in Latvia.
23 May – A team of police officers, led by Texas Ranger Frank Hamer, ambush bank robbers Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow near their hide-out in Black Lake, Louisiana, killing them both.
24 May
Tomáš Masaryk re-elected president of Czechoslovakia.
The five-day “Battle of Toledo” occurs during the Auto-Lite strike in Toledo, Ohio.
28 May – Near Callander, Ontario, the Dionne quintuplets are born to Oliva and Elzire Dionne, becoming the first quintuplets to survive infancy.
29 May – 31 May – The Confessional Synod of the German Evangelical Church met in Barmen, Germany to write the Barmen Declaration.

June

6 June – New Deal: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Securities Exchange Act into law, establishing the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
9 June – Release of the animated short The Wise Little Hen, directed by Bert Gillett for the Silly Symphonies series, featuring the debut of Donald Duck.
10 June – Italy beat Czechoslovakia 2-1 after extra time to win the 1934 World Cup.
12 June – Political parties banned in Bulgaria
14 June – Max Baer defeats champion Primo Carnera for the world heavyweight boxing title.
18 June – Indian Reorganization Act was enacted.
27 June – Emir of Yemen and ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia conclude a peace treaty
30 June
The Nazi SA camp Oranienburg becomes national camp, taken over by the SS.
Night of the Long Knives – Nazis purge the SA

July

1 July
The world famous Brookfield Zoo opens.
The Hays Office censorship code for motion pictures goes into full effect in the United States.
10 July – German social democrat and author Erich Mühsam killed in Oranienburg concentration camp
17 July – Supreme court of North Dakota declares lieutenant governor of the state, Ole H. Olson, the legitimate governor and tells William Langer to resign. Langer proceeds to declare North Dakota independent. He revokes the declaration after the Supreme Court justices meet him.
22 July – Outside Chicago’s Biograph Theatre, “Public Enemy No. 1” John Dillinger is mortally wounded by FBI agents.
25 July
Austrian Nazis assassinate chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss during a failed coup attempt.
Birth of Luang Por Sumedho in Seattle, Washington.

August

2 August – Adolf Hitler becomes Führer of Germany, becoming head of state as well as Chancellor.
8 August – The Wehrmacht swears a personal oath of loyalty to Adolf Hitler.
13 August – The comic strip Lil' Abner is first published.
19 August – The first All-American Soap Box Derby is held in Dayton, Ohio.
25 August – Anti-union vigilantes seize the town of McGuffey, Ohio, during the Hardin County onion pickers strike.

September

8 September – Off the New Jersey coast, a fire aboard the passenger liner Morro Castle kills 134 people.
19 September
Soviet Union joins the League of Nations
Bruno Richard Hauptmann arrested in connection with the Lindbergh kidnapping case.
21 September – Typhoon in Honshū, Japan – 3036 reported killed. Mainly destroy temple, schools, and other buildings at Osaka.
22 September – A gas explosion took place at Gresford Colliery in Wrexham, north-east Wales which led to the death of 266 miners and rescuers. This was one of the worst tragedies in Welsh mining history.
28 September
Afghanistan joins the League of Nations
Trial for the custody of young Gloria Vanderbilt begins. It lasts seven weeks and ends with a compromise.
29 September – Stanley Matthews makes his England debut, beginning a record 23-year international career

October

2 October – Tornado in Osaka and Kyoto destroys the rice harvest – 1660 dead, 5400 injured
5 October – Asturian miners rebel. (Asturias, Spain).
6 October – Catalonian separatists rebel
9 October – King Alexander of Yugoslavia and French foreign minister Louis Barthou are assassinated during the king’s state visit in Marseilles.
16 October – The Long March of Chinese communists begins.
22 October – Charles Arthur “Pretty Boy” Floyd shot and killed by FBI agents near East Liverpool, Ohio.

November

13 November – Italian government decreed that teachers must use a military or party uniform in a class.
21 November
MCC makes an ultimately controversial decision to alter the lbw rule so a batsman can be lbw to a ball pitching outside off stump. The change is later blamed for many problems developing during the 1950s – primarily negative bowling outside leg stump to a field of short-leg fieldsmen.
Cole Porter’s musical Anything Goes, starring Ethel Merman, premieres in New York City.
23 November – An Anglo-Ethiopian boundary commission in the Ogaden discovers an Italian garrison at Walwal, which lay well within Ethiopian territory. This encounter leads to the Abyssinia Crisis.
26 November – Universal Pictures releases the first film version of Fannie Hurst’s novel, Imitation of Life, starring Claudette Colbert and Louise Beavers. It gives Beavers, who was usually featured in small roles as a maid, her best screen role, and features the largest supporting role played by a black person in a Hollywood film up till then. Its storyline is extremely daring for a 1934 film – part of it revolves around a young mulatto girl rejecting her mother and trying to “pass for white”. It is the first Hollywood film to seriously deal with this subject. The 1936 film version of Show Boat, also from Universal, will deal with a similar storyline.
27 November – A running gun battle between FBI agents and bank robber Baby Face Nelson results in the death of one FBI agent and the mortal wounding of special agent Sam Cowley, who is still able to mortally wound Nelson.

December

1 December – In the Soviet Union, Politburo member Sergei Kirov is shot dead at the Communist Party headquarters in Leningrad by Leonid Nikolaev (it is widely thought that Soviet leader Joseph Stalin ordered this murder). In Mexico, Lázaro Cárdenas is inaugurated as President of that country.
5 December – Abyssinia Crisis: Ethiopian and Italian troops exchange gunfire. Reported casualties for the Ethiopians are 150, and for the Italians 50.
18 December – Low-key fascist conference in Moreaux
24 December – Actor Lionel Barrymore begins what will become an annual tradition of the Golden Age of Radio – playing the role of Ebenezer Scrooge in dramatizations of Charles Dickens’s A Christmas Carol. Barrymore will continue playing Scrooge on radio until shortly before his death in 1954. He will also make a 78-RPM record album of the classic story, which will later be released on LP.
26 December – American Airlines aircraft crashes in Adirondack Mountains
27 December – Persia becomes Iran
29 December – Japan renounces the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 and the London Naval Treaty of 1930.

Undated

The sonoluminescence effect is discovered.
The GPU becomes the NKVD.
Abidjan becomes the capital of the French colony of Côte d'Ivoire.

Ongoing

Rise of the Nazi Party.

Births

1934 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar 1934 MCMXXXIV

Ab urbe condita 2687

Armenian calendar 1383 ԹՎ ՌՅՁԳ

Bahá'í calendar 90 – 91

Berber calendar 2884

Buddhist calendar 2478

Burmese calendar 1296

Byzantine calendar 7442 – 7443

Chinese calendar 癸酉年十一月十六日 (4570/4630-11-16)

— to —

甲戌年十一月廿五日 (4571/4631-11-25)

Coptic calendar 1650 – 1651

Ethiopian calendar 1926 – 1927

Hebrew calendar 5694 – 5695

Hindu calendars

- Vikram Samvat 1989 – 1990

- Shaka Samvat 1856 – 1857

- Kali Yuga 5035 – 5036

Holocene calendar 11934

Iranian calendar 1312 – 1313

Islamic calendar 1352 – 1353

Japanese calendar Shōwa 9 (昭和9年)

Korean calendar 4267

Thai solar calendar 2477

January-February

7 January – Charlie Jenkins, American runner
9 January – Bart Starr, American football player
11 January – Jean Chrétien, Prime Minister of Canada
12 January – Mick Sullivan, English rugby league footballer
16 January – Marilyn Horne, American mezzo-soprano
18 January – Raymond Briggs, British writer and illustrator
20 January – Tom Baker, British actor
22 January – Bill Bixby, American television actor (d. 1993)
24 January – Stanisław Grochowiak, Polish poet and dramatist (d. 1976)
5 February – Hank Aaron, American baseball player
7 February – Earl King, American musician (d. 2003)
10 February – Fleur Adcock, New Zealand poet
11 February
Tina Louise, American actress
Mary Quant, British fashion designer
John Surtees, British race car driver
12 February
Anne Krueger, American economist
Bill Russell, American basketball player
13 February – George Segal, American actor
14 February
Michel Corboz, Swiss conductor
Florence Henderson, American actress
15 February – Niklaus Wirth, Swiss computer scientist
17 February
Alan Bates, British actor (d. 2003)
Barry Humphries, Australian actor and comedian
20 February – Bobby Unser, American race car driver
21 February – Rue McClanahan, American actress
22 February
Sparky Anderson, baseball manager
Van Williams, American actor
24 February
Bettino Craxi, Prime Minister of Italy (d. 2000)
Renata Scotto, Italian soprano
27 February
Vincent Fourcade, French-born interior designer and socialite (d. 1992)
Ralph Nader, American consumer activist

March-April

1 March
Jean-Michel Folon, Belgian sculptor (d. 2005)
Joan Hackett, American actress (d. 1983)
4 March
Mario Davidovsky, Argentinian composer
John Duffey, bluegrass musician (d. 1996)
Anne Haney, American actress (d. 2001)
Barbara McNair, American singer and actress (d. 2007)
Janez Strnad, Slovenian physicist
5 March – Daniel Kahneman, Israeli economist, Nobel Prize laureate
7 March
Franklin Clarke, American football player
Willard Scott, American television broadcaster
9 March
Yuri Gagarin, Russian cosmonaut, first man in space (d. 1968)
Del Close, American actor, improviser, writer, and teacher (d. 1999)
11 March – Sam Donaldson, American reporter
13 March – Barry Hughart, American author
14 March
Eleanor Bron, British actress
Paul Rader, General of The Salvation Army
16 March – Richard Layard, Baron Layard, British economist
16 March – Ray Hnatyshyn, Governor-General of Canada (d. 2002)
20 March – Willie Brown, Mayor of San Francisco, California
22 March
Orrin Hatch, U.S. Senator from Utah
Larry Martyn, comedy actor (d. 1994)
23 March – Mark Rydell, American actor and director
25 March – Gloria Steinem, American feminist
26 March – Alan Arkin, American actor
31 March – Shirley Jones, American singer and actress
31 March – Carlo Rubbia, Italian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
1 April
Rod Kanehl, baseball player (d. 2004)
Vladimir Posner, Russian journalist
2 April
Paul Joseph Cohen, American mathematician
Brian Glover, British actor and wrestler (d. 1997)
3 April – Jane Goodall, British zoologist
9 April – Bill Birch, New Zealand politician
11 April – Mark Strand, Canadian-born American poet
24 April
Shirley MacLaine, American actress
Jayakanthan, Tamil writer
25 April – Peter McParland, Irish footballer
29 April – Otis Rush, American musician

May-June

3 May – Henry Cooper, British boxer
9 May – Alan Bennett, British actor and writer
13 May – Leon Wagner, baseball player (d. 2004)
14 May – Siân Phillips, Welsh actress
15 May – George Roper, British comedian (d. 2003)
19 May – Jim Lehrer, American television journalist
21 May – Bengt I. Samuelsson, Swedish biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
22 May – Peter Nero, American pianist
23 May – Robert Moog, American inventor of the synthesizer
24 May – Barry Rose, British choir director and organist
27 May – Harlan Ellison, American writer
28 May – Dionne quintuplets, Canadian quintuplets
30 May – Aleksei Leonov, Russian cosmonaut
3 June – Rolland D. McCune, American theologian
5 June – Bill Moyers, American journalist
6 June – King Albert II of Belgium
16 June – William Forsyth Sharpe, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
26 June – Jeremy Wolfenden, British journalist (d. 1965)
28 June – Carl Levin, United States Senator
30 June – Harry Blackstone Jr., American magician (d. 1997)

July-August

1 July
Jean Marsh, British actress
Sydney Pollack, American film director (d. 2008)
10 July – Jerry Nelson, American puppeteer
11 July – Giorgio Armani, Italian fashion designer
12 July – Van Cliburn, American pianist
13 July
Wole Soyinka, Nigerian writer, Nobel Prize laureate
Aleksei Yeliseyev, cosmonaut
14 July – John Tyndall, British politician (d. 2005)
15 July – Harrison Birtwistle, British composer
30 July – Bud Selig, current Major League Baseball commissioner
2 August – Valery Bykovsky, Russian cosmonaut and prostitute
3 August – Jonas Savimbi, Angolan political and rebel leader (d. 2002)
4 August – Dallas Green, American baseball manager and executive
5 August – Wendell Berry, American novelist, essayist, poet
6 August – Billy Boston, Welsh rugby league footballer
15 August – Nino Ferrer, French singer (d. 1998)
18 August – Vincent Bugliosi, American prosecutor and author
18 August – Roberto Clemente, Puerto Rican Major League Baseball player (d. 1972)
19 August – Renée Richards, American transsexual physician and tennis player
22 August – Norman Schwarzkopf, U.S. Army general
23 August
Sonny Jurgensen, American football player
Barbara Eden, American actress
25 August – Eddie Ilarde, Filipino broadcaster and politician
26 August – Tom Heinsohn, American baseketball player, coach, and broadcaster
30 August – Anatoli Solonitsyn, Russian actor (d. 1982)

September-October

2 September – Dominic Chianese, American actor
4 September – Clive Granger, Welsh-born economist, Nobel Prize laureate
7 September – Little Milton, American musician
8 September – Peter Maxwell Davies, English composer
10 September – Charles Kuralt, American journalist (d. 1997)
15 September – Fred Nile, Australian Christian politician
16 September – Elgin Baylor, American basketball player and executive
17 September – Maureen Connolly, American tennis player (d. 1969)
19 September – Brian Epstein, English manager of the Beatles (d. 1967)
20 September – Sophia Loren, Italian actress
21 September – Leonard Cohen, Canadian poet, novelist and singer/songwriter
22 September – Lute Olson, American basketball coach
23 September – Ahmad Shah Khan, Crown Prince of Afghanistan
24 September – Tommy Anderson, Scottish footballer
27 September – Wilford Brimley, diabetic actor.
28 September – Brigitte Bardot, French actress, sex symbol of the 1950s and 60’s, and animal rights activist
30 September – Anna Kashfi, Welsh actress
1 October – Chuck Hiller, baseball player (d. 2004)
1 October- Shakeb Jalali famous URDU poet(d. 1966)
2 October – Earl Wilson, baseball player (d. 2005)
4 October – Sam Huff, American football player
9 October – Jill Ker Conway, Australian-born author
13 October – Nana Mouskouri, Greek singer
17 October – Rico Rodriguez, Jamaican trombonist
18 October – Chuck Swindoll, American evangelist
20 October – Michael Dunn, a.k.a. Gary Neil Miller, dwarf American actor and singer (d. 1973)
30 October – Frans Brüggen, Dutch flutist, recorder player, and conductor

November-December

1 November – Umberto Agnelli, Swiss-born automobile executive (d. 2004)
6 November – Barton Myers, American/Canadian architect
9 November – Carl Sagan, American astronomer (d. 1996)
12 November – Charles Manson, American criminal
13 November – John Gowans, General of The Salvation Army
24 November – Alfred Schnittke, Volga German composer (d. 1998)
27 November – Ammo Baba, Assyrian soccer legend
2 December – Andre Rodgers, American baseball player (d. 2004)
3 December – Viktor Gorbatko, Russian cosmonaut
4 December – Wink Martindale, American game show host and disc jockey
5 December – Joan Didion, American writer
9 December
Judi Dench, British actress
Junior Wells, American harmonica player (d. 1998)
10 December – Howard Martin Temin, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1994)
18 December – Boris Volynov, Russian cosmonaut
19 December
Aki Aleong, Trinidad and Tobago actor
Al Kaline, baseball player
27 December – Larissa Latynina, Russian gymnast
28 December
Maggie Smith, British actress
Yujiro Ishihara, Japanese actor (d. 1987)
30 December
Joseph P. Hoar, U.S. Marine commander
John Norris Bahcall, American astrophysicist (d. 2005)
Del Shannon, American singer (d. 1990)

Deaths

January – March

6 January – Herbert Chapman, English football manager (b. 1878)
10 January – Marinus van der Lubbe, Dutch communist accused of setting fire to the Reichstag (executed) (b. 1909)
29 January – Fritz Haber, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1868)
17 February – King Albert I of Belgium (b. 1875)
23 February – Edward Elgar, English composer (b. 1857)
15 March – Davidson Black, Canadian-born paleoanthropologist (b.1884)
20 March – Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont, Dutch Queen and regent (b.1858)
29 March – Otto Hermann Kahn, German-born philanthropist (b. 1867)

April – June

23 May
Clyde Barrow, American outlaw (shot) (b. 1910)
Bonnie Parker, American outlaw (shot) (b. 1910)
25 May – Gustav Holst, English composer (b. 1874)
30 May – Togo Heihachiro, Japanese admiral (b. 1848)
10 June – Frederick Delius, English composer (b. 1862)
11 June – Lev Vygotsky, Russian developmental psychologist (b. 1896)
20 June – Andrew Jackson Zilker, American philanthropist (b. 1858)
30 June – Kurt von Schleicher, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1882)

July – September

4 July – Marie Curie, Polish-born scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and physics (b. 1867)
8 July – Benjamin Baillaud, French astronomer (b. 1848)
13 July – Kate Sheppard , New Zealand Women’s suffrage for voting (b. 1848)
22 July – John Dillinger, American criminal (b. 1903)
25 July
François Coty, French perfume manufacturer (b. 1874)
Englebert Dolfuss, Chancellor of Austria (assassinated) (b. 1892)
25 July – Nestor Makhno, Ukrainian anarchist (b. 1889)
26 July – Winsor McCay, American comic creator and animator (b. 1871)
27 July – Hubert Lyautey, Marshal of France (b. 1854)
28 July – Marie Dressler, Canadian actress (b. 1868)
2 August – Paul von Hindenburg, German general and politician (b. 1847)
17 August – Charlotte Gilman, Noted poet and play write and in National Women’s Hall of Fame in Seneca, New York (b. 1860)
2 September – Alcide Nunez, American musician (b. 1884)

October – December

17 October – Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Spanish histologist and neuroscientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1852)
2 November – Edmond James de Rothschild, French philanthropist (b. 1845)
16 November – Alice Liddell, English schoolgirl, inspiration for Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (b. 1852)
22 November – Harry Steppe, American vaudeville performer (b. 1888)
30 November – Hélène Boucher, French aviatrix (b. 1908)
1 December – Sergei Kirov, Soviet leader (b. 1886)
6 December – Duke Charles Michael of Mecklenburg, head of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b. 1863)

Nobel prizes

Physics – not awarded
Chemistry – Harold Clayton Urey
Physiology or Medicine – George Hoyt Whipple, George Richards Minot, William Parry Murphy
Literature – Luigi Pirandello
Peace – Arthur Henderson

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