1905

Published on Tuesday, July 15th 2008. Edited by Mat Madgelair, North Bay, Canada.

Centuries: 19th century – 20th century – 21st century

Decades: 1870s  1880s  1890s  – 1900s –  1910s  1920s  1930s

Years: 1902 1903 1904 – 1905 – 1906 1907 1908

Year 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar).

Overview

As the second year of the massive Russo-Japanese War, more than 100,000 die in the largest world battles of that era, and the war chaos leads to a revolution against the Tsar. Canada and the U.S. expand west, with the Alberta and Saskatchewan provinces and the founding of Las Vegas. The April earthquake in India, killing 20,000, foreshadows the 1906 earthquakes.

Year 1905 is also the annus mirabilis of Albert Einstein, publishing papers that laid the foundations of quantum physics, introduces the special theory of relativity, explains Brownian motion and proves the existence of atoms.

Events of 1905

January

• 1 January – The Trans-Siberian Railway officially opens after its completion on 21 July 1904.
• 2 January – Russo-Japanese War: The Russian Army surrenders at Port Arthur, China.
• 5 January – The play The Scarlet Pimpernel opens at the New Theatre in London and begins a run of 122 performances and numerous revivals
• 22 January (9 January O.S.) – Bloody Sunday massacre of Russian demonstrators at the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg, one of the triggers of the abortive Russian Revolution of 1905.
• 26 January – The Cullinan Diamond is found near Pretoria, South Africa at the Premier Mine.

February

• 12 February – In Christchurch, New Zealand, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament is opened.
• 16 February – At Haulbowline Base in Ireland, two explosions onboard the HM Submarine A5, due to petrol fumes after refueling, kill 6 of 11 crew.
• 17 February – At Fremantle, Western Australia, the R.M.S. Orizaba wrecks, but all 160 passengers and the mail are saved.
• 19 February – Russo-Japanese War: The Battle of Mukden begins in Manchuria.
• 23 February – Rotary founded.

March

3 March: Nicholas II creates the Duma.

• 1 March – Australian Conservative leader Richard Butler takes office as Premier of South Australia.
• 3 March – Tsar Nicholas II of Russia agrees to create an elected assembly (the Duma).
• 4 March – US. President Theodore Roosevelt begins full term.
• 5 March – Russo-Japanese War: Russian troops begin to retreat from Mukden after losing 100,000 troops in three days.

• 10 March

• Russo-Japanese War: Japanese capture of Mukden (now Shenyang) completes rout of Russian armies in Manchuria.

• Cassie Chadwick sentenced for 14 years in Cleveland for fraud.

• 14 March – Chelsea FC founded

• 17 March – Albert Einstein publishes his paper “On a heuristic viewpoint concerning the production and transformation of light” in which he explains the photoelectric effect using the notion of light quanta.
• 20 March – Grover Shoe Factory disaster: boiler explosion, building collapse and fire in Brockton, Massachusetts kills 58.
• 31 March – German emperor William II asserts German equality with France in Morocco, triggering the Tangier or First Moroccan Crisis.

April

• April – Albert Einstein works on the special theory of relativity as well as the theory of Brownian motion.
• 2 April – The Simplon Tunnel is officially opened through the Alps.
• 4 April – In India, an earthquake near Kangra kills 20,000.
• 7 April – The Supreme Court of the United States invalidates New York’s eight-hour-day law in Lochner v. New York.

May

15 May: Las Vegas, Nevada is founded with auction of 110 acres.

• 11 May – Albert Einstein submits his doctoral dissertation “On the Motion of Small Particles…”, in which he explains Brownian motion. In the course of the year, Einstein publishes four papers, formulates the theory of special relativity and explains the photoelectric effect by quantization. 1905 is regarded as his “miracle year”.
• 13 May – Mata Hari debuts in Paris.
• 15 May – Las Vegas, Nevada is founded when 110 acres (0.4 km²), in what later would become downtown, are auctioned off.
• 27 May-28 – Russo-Japanese War: Battle of Tsushima – The Japanese fleet under Admiral Heihachiro Togo destroys the Russian fleet under Admiral Zinovi Petrovich Rozhdestvenski in a two-day battle.

11 May: Einstein submits his dissertation.

June

• 7 June – Norwegian Parliament declares the union with Sweden dissolved and Norway achieves full independence.
• 9 June – Charlton Athletic F.C. is founded.
• 15 June – Princess Margaret of Connaught marries Gustav, Crown Prince of Sweden.
• 27 June – (June 14 according to the Julian calendar): Mutiny breaks out on the Russian ironclad Potemkin.
• 30 June – Albert Einstein publishes the article “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies” where he reveals his theory of special relativity.

July

• 6 July – Alfred Deakin becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the second time.
• 29 July – Taft-Katsura Agreement.

August

• 13 August – Norway holds referendum in favour of dissolving the union with Sweden.
• 15 August – First All-Russian Congress of Muslims is held in Nizhny Novgorod (Russia).

September

• 1 September – The Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan are established from the southwestern part of the Northwest Territories.
• 5 September – Russo-Japanese War: Treaty of Portsmouth is signed. In New Hampshire, a treaty mediated by US President Theodore Roosevelt is signed by victor Japan and Russia. Russia cedes the island of Sakhalin and port and rail rights in Manchuria to Japan.
• 5 September – First forward pass is thrown in professional American football.

October

3 October: HMS Dreadnought.

• 2 October – HMS Dreadnought is laid down, revolutionizing battleship design and triggering a naval arms race.
• 5 October – Wright Brothers third aeroplane, Wright Flyer III stays in the air for 39 minutes with Wilbur piloting. This is the first aeroplane flight lasting over ½ an hour.
• 16 October – Russian Revolution of 1905: Russian army opens fire in a meeting on a street market in Estonia, killing 94 and injuring over 200.
• 26 October – Sweden agrees to the repeal of the union with Norway.
• 30 October – Tsar Nicholas II is forced to grant Russia’s first constitution, conceding a national assembly (Duma) with limited powers.

November

• 9 November – The Province of Alberta, Canada holds its first general election.
• 18 November – Prince Carl of Denmark becomes King Haakon VII of Norway.
• 28 November – Irish nationalist Arthur Griffith founds Sinn Féin in Dublin as a political party whose goal is independence for all of Ireland.

December

• 30 December – Bomb kills Frank Steunenberg, ex-governor of Idaho. Case leads to a trial against leaders of the Western Federation of Miners.

Undated

• Women given vote and admitted to practice of law in Queensland.
• Workers Compensation introduced in Queensland.
• The title Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is officially recognized by King Edward VII.
• Pathé Frères colors black and white films by machine.
• Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer are banned from the Brooklyn Public Library for setting a “bad example.”
• Neo-Druidic rituals begin in Stonehenge.
• Alfred Einhorn introduces novocaine.
• The first U-boat is launched.
• Wolves are extinct in Japan by this date.
• The Fauvism movement is founded, led by Henri Matisse and André Derain.
• The word “lime” is first used to describe a colour.
• Civil service examinations are abolished in China.

Ongoing

• Russo-Japanese War
• 1904-1905 Welsh Revival

Births

1905 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar 1905 MCMV

Ab urbe condita 2658

Armenian calendar 1354 ԹՎ ՌՅԾԴ

Bahá'í calendar 61 – 62

Berber calendar 2855

Buddhist calendar 2449

Burmese calendar 1267

Byzantine calendar 7413 – 7414

Chinese calendar 甲辰年十一月廿六日 (4541/4601-11-26)

— to —

乙巳年十二月初六日 (4542/4602-12-6)

Coptic calendar 1621 – 1622

Ethiopian calendar 1897 – 1898

Hebrew calendar 5665 – 5666

Hindu calendars

 - Vikram Samvat 1960 – 1961

 - Shaka Samvat 1827 – 1828

 - Kali Yuga 5006 – 5007

Holocene calendar 11905

Iranian calendar 1283 – 1284

Islamic calendar 1322 – 1323

Japanese calendar Meiji 38 (明治38年)

Korean calendar 4238

Thai solar calendar 2448

January-February

• 2 January – Michael Tippett, English composer (d. 1998)

• 3 January

• Anna May Wong, American actress (d. 1961)

• Ray Milland, Welsh actor (d.1986)

• 8 January – Giacinto Scelsi, Italian composer (d. 1988)

• 12 January

• James Bennett Griffin, American archaeologist (d. 1997)

• Tex Ritter, American actor and singer (d. 1974)

• 14 January – Sterling Holloway, American actor (d. 1992)

• 18 January – Joseph Bonanno, American gangster (d. 2002)
• 19 January – Stanley Hawes, British-born Australian film producer, director and administrator (d. 1991)
• 21 January – Christian Dior, French couturier (d. 1957)

• 26 January

• Charles Lane, American actor (d. 2007)

• Maria von Trapp, Austrian singer (d. 1987)

• 29 January – Barnett Newman, American painter (d. 1970)

• 31 January – John O'Hara, American writer (d. 1970)
• 1 February – Emilio G. Segrè, Italian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1989)
• 2 February – Ayn Rand, American author (d. 1982)
• 4 February – Hylda Baker, English actress (d. 1986)
• 7 February – Paul Nizan, French author (d. 1940)
• 10 February – Walter A. Brown, American basketball and ice hockey pioneer (d. 1964)
• 14 February – Thelma Ritter, American actress (d. 1969)
• 15 February – Harold Arlen, American composer of popular music (d. 1986)
• 23 February – Derrick Henry Lehmer, American mathematician (d. 1991)
• 27 February – Franchot Tone, American actor (d. 1968)

March-April

• 3 March – Marie Glory, French silent screen actress
• 6 March – Bob Wills, American singer (d. 1975)

• 15 March

• Berthold Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, German lawyer and Nazi opponent (d. 1944)

• Taj Salmonski, Polish racing driver

• 16 March – Elisabeth Flickenschildt, German actress (d. 1977)

• 18 March

• Thomas Townsend Brown, American scientist (d. 1985)

• Robert Donat, English actor (d. 1958)

• Benny Friedman, American football player (d. 1982)

• 19 March – Albert Speer, Nazi official (d. 1981)

• 20 March

• Jean Galia, French rugby footballer (d. 1949)

• Vera Panova, Soviet-Russian writer (d. 1973)

• 23 March

• Lale Andersen, German singer (d. 1972)

• Joan Crawford, American actress (d. 1977)

• 25 March – Pura Santillan-Castrence, Filipino writer and diplomat (d. 2007)

• 27 March – Elsie MacGill, Canadian aeronautical engineer (d. 1980)
• 7 April – Queenie Leonard, American actress (d. 2002)
• 21 April – Edmund G. Brown, Governor of California (d. 1996)

May-June

• 3 May – Werner Fenchel, German mathematician (d. 1988)
• 8 May – Red Nichols, American jazz musician (d. 1965)
• 14 May – Herbert Morrison, American radio reporter (d. 1989)
• 15 May – Joseph Cotten, American actor (d. 1994)
• 16 May – Henry Fonda, American actor (d. 1982)
• 20 May – Gerrit Achterberg, Dutch poet (d. 1962)
• 29 May – Sebastian Shaw, English actor (d. 1994)
• 12 June – Ray Barbuti, American athlete (d. 1975)
• 23 June – Mary Livingstone, American radio comedian (d. 1983)

July-August

• 4 July – Irving Johnson, American sail training pioneer (d. 1991)
• 5 July – Jock Cameron, South African cricketer (d. 1935)
• 8 July – Leonid Amalrik, Russian animator (d. 1997)

• 12 July

• Edward Bernds, American director (d. 2000)

• Prince John of the United Kingdom (d. 1919)

• 13 July – Alfredo M. Santos, Philippino general (d. 1990)

• 15 July – Dorothy Fields, American songwriter (d. 1988)
• 22 July – Doc Cramer, American baseball player (d. 1990)
• 23 July – Leopold Engleitner, Austrian Holocaust survivor
• 25 July – Elias Canetti, Bulgarian-born British writer (d. 1994)
• 29 July – Dag Hammarskjöld, Swedish United Nations Secretary-General (d. 1961)
• 2 August – Karl Amadeus Hartmann, German composer (d. 1963)
• 3 August – Franz König, Austrian Roman Catholic archbishop (d. 2004)
• 5 August – Wassily Leontief, Russian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1999)
• 8 August – André Jolivet, French composer (d. 1974)
• 11 August – Erwin Chargaff, Austrian biochemist (d. 2002)
• 16 August – Marian Rejewski, Polish mathematician and cryptologist (d. 1980)
• 20 August – Jean Gebser, German-born author, linguist and poet (d. 1973)
• 23 August – Constant Lambert, British composer (d. 1951)
• 29 August – Dhyan Chand, Indian hockey player (d. 1979)
• 31 August – Dore Schary, American film writer, director, and producer (d. 1980)

September-October

• 1 September – Elvera Sanchez, Puerto Rican dancer (d.2000)
• 3 September – Carl David Anderson, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
• 5 September – Justiniano Montano, Filipino politician (d. 2005)

• 18 September

• Eddie Anderson, American actor (d. 1977)

• Greta Garbo, Swedish actress (d. 1990)

• 22 September

• Eugen Sänger, Austrian aerospace engineer (d. 1964)

• Haakon Lie, Norwegian politician

• 24 September – Severo Ochoa, Spanish–American biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)

• 26 September – Emilio Navarro, Puerto Rican baseball player
• 28 September – Max Schmeling, German boxer (d. 2005)

• 30 September

• Savitri Devi, Greek writer and National Socialist philosopher (d. 1982)

• Nevill Francis Mott, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)

• Michael Powell, British director (d. 1990)

• 5 October – Helen Wills Moody, American tennis player (d. 1998)

• 23 October – Felix Bloch, Swiss-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1983)

November-December

• 4 November – Dragutin Tadijanović, Croatian poet (d. 2007)
• 7 November – William Alwyn, English composer (d. 1985)
• 9 November – Erika Mann, German author and war correspondent (d. 1969)
• 15 November – Mantovani, Italian-born conductor and arranger (d. 1980)
• 17 November – Queen Astrid of Belgium (d. 1935)
• 26 November – Bob Johnson, American baseball player (d. 1982)
• 11 December – Gilbert Roland, Mexican-born American actor (d. 1994)
• 17 December – Simo Häyhä, Finnish sniper (d. 2002)
• 21 December – Anthony Powell, British author (d. 2000)
• 22 December – Kenneth Rexroth, American poet (d. 1982)
• 24 December – Howard Hughes, American aviation pioneer and film mogul (d. 1976)
• 27 December – Leonard Goldenson, American television executive (d. 1999)
• 30 December – Jule Styne, English-born composer (d. 1994)
• date unknown – Sada Abe, Japanese actress (d. 1970)

Deaths

January – June

• 14 January – Ernst Abbe, German physicist (b. 1840)
• 19 January – Debendranath Tagore, Indian philosopher (b. 1817)
• 4 February – Louis-Ernest Barrias, French sculptor (b. 1841)
• 20 February – Jeremiah W. Farnham, American merchant captain (b. c.1828)
• 6 March – John Henninger Reagan, American Confederate politician (b. 1818)
• 24 March – Jules Verne, French author (b. 1828)
• 26 March – Maurice Barrymore, British actor (b. 1849)
• 28 March – Huang Zunxian, Chinese poet and writer (b. 1848)
• 24 April – Touch the Clouds, Miniconjou Teton Sioux chief, (b. 1836)
• 1 June – Émile Delahaye, French automotive pioneer (b. 1843)
• 3 June – James Hudson Taylor, British missionary (b. 1832)
• 22 June – Francis Lubbock, Governor of Texas (b. 1815)

July – December

• 8 July – Walter Kittredge, American musician and composer (b. 1834)
• 11 July – Muhammad Abduh, Egyptian philosopher and jurist (b. 1849)
• 14 August – Simeon Solomon, British artist (b. 1840)
• 13 September – René Goblet, French politician (b. 1828)
• 14 September – Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza, Franco-Italian explorer (b. 1852)
• 18 September – George MacDonald, Scottish author, poet and Christian minister (b. 1824)
• 19 September – Thomas John Barnardo, Irish philanthropist (b. 1845)
• 3 October – José María de Heredia, French poet (b. 1842)
• 13 October – Sir Henry Irving, English actor (b. 1838)
• 15 October – Mikhail Ivanovich Dragomirov, Russian general (b. 1830)
• 29 October – Étienne Desmarteau, Canadian athlete (b. 1873)
• 2 November – Albert von Kölliker, Swiss anatomist (b. 1817)
• 12 December – Reimond Stijns, Belgian writer (b. 1850)

Nobel Prizes

• Physics – Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard
• Chemistry – Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer
• Medicine – Robert Koch
• Literature – Henryk Sienkiewicz
• Peace – Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita Von Suttner

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1905”