1800

Published on Wednesday, December 20th 2006. Edited by Set Lagorblap, Tokyo, Japan.

Centuries: 17th century – 18th century – 19th century

Decades: 1770s  1780s  1790s  – 1800s –  1810s  1820s  1830s

Years: 1797 1798 1799 – 1800 – 1801 1802 1803

Napoleon crosses the Alps.

Year 1800 (MDCCC) was an exceptional common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, but a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. The Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar until Friday, February 28 [O.S. February 17, 1800] 1800, but 12 days ahead since Saturday, March 1 [O.S. February 18, 1800] 1800.

Events of 1800

• World population was nearing 1 billion people, at 978 million. The 1 billion milestone will not be accomplished until 2 years later, in 1802. The population distribution by region:

• Africa: 107,000,000

• Asia: 635,000,000

• China:300-400,000,000

• Europe: 203,000,000

• Latin-America: 24,000,000
• Northern America: 7,000,000
• Oceania: 2,000,000

January – March

• February – Foundation of the Bank of France
• March 14 – Cardinal Barnaba Chiaramonti succeeds Pius VI as Pius VII, the 251st pope.
• March 20 – Alessandro Volta describes his new invention, the voltaic pile, the first chemical battery, in a letter to the Royal Society.

April – June

Battle of Marengo

• April – Voting begins in the United States presidential election, 1800; it will last until October. The result is not announced until February of 1801.
• April 24 – U.S. Library of Congress founded.
• May 5 – Great Britain passes the Act of Union to join Great Britain and Ireland into the United Kingdom to take effect on 1 January 1801. The act is signed by King George III in August.
• May 15 – Napoleon Bonaparte crosses the Alps and invades Italy.
• June 2 – First smallpox vaccination in North America, at Trinity, Newfoundland.
• June 14 – Battle of Marengo, Napoleon defeats the Austrian troops near Marengo, Italy.

July – September

• September 5 – At the invitation of the Maltese, British troops liberate the Islands of Malta and Gozo from the French.
• September 20 – Treaty of Mortefontaine signed between France, Britain, and the United States of America, ending the Quasi-War.
• September 30 – Convention of 1800 is signed.

October – December

• November 1

• U.S. President John Adams becomes the first President of the United States to live in the Executive Mansion (later renamed the White House).

• Middlebury College is granted its charter by the Vermont General Assembly

• November 17 – The U.S. Congress holds its first Washington, D.C. session.

• December 3 – Battle of Hohenlinden, the French army defeats the German troops.

• December 24

• An assault on Napoleon Bonaparte fails in Paris.

• Pierre Coudrin and Henriette Aymer de la Chevalerie found the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary in Paris.

Undated

• The infrared radiation is discovered by William Herschel.
• Electrolysis of water is discovered by Anthony Carlisle and William Nicholson by passing a voltaic current through water, generating hydrogen and oxygen.
• The Althing of Iceland, the world’s oldest parliament, is abolished.
• Downing College, Cambridge is founded after a legal action in the Court of Chancery to enforce the will of Sir George Browning, 3rd Baronet.

Ongoing events

• French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1802)-Second Coalition/Egyptian Campaign
• Napoleonic Wars (1799–1815)-Second Coalition/Egyptian Campaign

Births

1800 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar 1800 MDCCC

Ab urbe condita 2553

Armenian calendar 1249 ԹՎ ՌՄԽԹ

Bahá'í calendar -44 – -43

Berber calendar 2750

Buddhist calendar 2344

Burmese calendar 1162

Chinese calendar 4436/4496-12-7 (己未年十二月初七日)

— to —

4437/4497-11-16 (庚申年十一月十六日)

Coptic calendar 1516 – 1517

Ethiopian calendar 1792 – 1793

Hebrew calendar 5560 – 5561

Hindu calendars

 - Vikram Samvat 1855 – 1856

 - Shaka Samvat 1722 – 1723

 - Kali Yuga 4901 – 4902

Holocene calendar 11800

Iranian calendar 1178 – 1179

Islamic calendar 1214 – 1215

Japanese calendar Kansei 12 (寛政12年)

Korean calendar 4133

Thai solar calendar 2343

January-June

• January 1 – Francis Egerton, 1st Earl of Ellesmere (died 1857)
• January 6 – Anna Maria Hall, Irish writer (died 1889)
• January 7 – Millard Fillmore, 13th President of the United States (died 1874)
• January 11 – Anyos Jedlik, Hungarian physicist, the inventor of the Dynamo (1895)
• January 12 – George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon, English diplomat and statesman (died 1870)
• January 14 – Ludwig von Köchel, Austrian musicologist (died 1877)
• January 17 – Caleb Cushing, American statesman and diplomat (died 1879)
• January 24 – Edwin Chadwick, English social reformer (died 1890 or did he?)

• January 26

• Johann Gerhard Oncken, German Baptist preacher (died 1884)

• Elizabeth Ann Whitney, Mormon leader (died 1882)

• January 27 – John Evelyn Denison, 1st Viscount Ossington, English statesman (died 1875)

• February 1 – Brian Houghton Hodgson, English civil servant (died 1894)
• felix mendelson
• February 6 – Achille Devéria, French painter and lithographer (died 1857)

• February 9

• Hyrum Smith, American religious leader (died 1844)

• Joseph von Führich, Austrian painter (died 1876)

• February 11 – William Fox Talbot, English photographic pioneer (died 1877)

• February 12 – John Edward Gray, British zoologist (died 1875)
• February 23 – William Jardine, Scottish naturalist (died 1874)

• February 26

• Lucius Lyon, U.S. statesman (died 1851)

• John Baptist Purcell, U.S. (Irish-born) archbishop (died 1883)

• March 2 – Evgeny Baratynsky, Russian poet (died 1844)

• March 3 – Heinrich Georg Bronn, German geologist and paleontologist (died 1862)

• March 4 – William Price, British physician and eccentric (died 1893)

• Victor Aimé Huber, German social reformer (died 1869)

• George Hudson, English railway financier (died 1871)

• March 12 – Louis Prosper Gachard, Belgian man of letters (died 1885)

• March 13 – Koca Mustafa Reşid Pasha, Turkish statesman and diplomat
• March 16 – Emperor Ninko of Japan (died 1846)
• March 17 – Rudolf Ewald Stier, German Protestant churchman and mystic (died 1862)
• March 20 – Gottfried Bernhardy, German philologist and literary historian (died 1875)

• March 25

• Alexis Paulin Paris, French scholar and author (died 1881)

• Ernst Heinrich Karl von Dechen, German geologist and mineralogist (died 1889)

• March 28 – Johann Georg Wagler, German herpetologist (died 1832)

• April 2 – Andrzej Artur Zamoyski, Polish nobleman (died 1874)
• April 4 – Tokugawa Nariaki, Japanese daimyo of Mito (died 1860)
• April 15 – James Clark Ross, British naval officer and explorer (died 1862)

• April 16

• Jakob Heine, German orthopaedist (died 1879)

• George Bingham, 3rd Earl of Lucan, British soldier (died 1888)

• April 29 – Hiram Cronk, last surviving veteran of the War of 1812 (died 1905)

• May 1 – James Black, creator of the original Bowie knife (died 1870)
• May 5 – Louis Christophe François Hachette, French publisher (died 1864)
• May 6 – Roman Sanguszko, Polish noble (died 1881)
• May 8 – Armand Carrel, French writer (died 1836)

• May 9

• John Brown, American abolitionist (died 1859)

• Samuel Carter Hall, English journalist (died 1889)

• May 30 – Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach, German geometer (died 1827)

• June 1 – Charles Fremantle, Royal Navy officer (died 1869)
• June 2 – Nicholas P. Trist, secretary to Andrew Jackson (died 1874)
• June 3 – Gustaw Potworowski, Polish activist (died 1860)
• June 17 – William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse, Irish astronomer (died 1867)
• June 23 – Karol Marcinkowski, Polish physician and social activist (died 1846)
• June 30 – Richard Bethell, 1st Baron Westbury, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (died 1873)

July – December

• July 14 – Jean-Baptiste Dumas, French chemist (died 1884)
• July 19 – Juan José Flores, first president of Ecuador (died 1864)

• July 22

• Jakob Lorber, German Christian mystic (died 1864)

• Robert McCormick, British Royal Navy surgeon (died 1890)

• July 31

• Robert L. Caruthers, Confederate governor of Tennessee (died 1882)

• Friedrich Wöhler, German chemist (died 1882)

• August 4 – Hercules L. Dousman, American trader and financier (died 1868)

• August 5 – Ramón María Narváez y Campos, 1st Duke of Valencia, Spanish soldier and statesman (died 1868)
• August 10 – Otto August Rosenberger, German astronomer (died 1890)

• August 12

• Jean-Jacques Ampère, French philologist (died 1864)

• Ugo Bassi, Italian patriot (died 1849)

• August 13 – Ippolito Rosellini, Italian Egyptologist (died 1843)

• August 19

• Buckner Stith Morris, mayor of Chicago (died 1879)

• James Lenox, American bibliophile and philanthropist (died 1880)

• August 21 – Hiram Walden, American politician (died 1880)

• August 22

• Edward Barron Chandler, American politician (died 1880)

• William S. Harney, U.S. general (died 1889)

• Edward Bouverie Pusey, English churchman (died 1882)

• August 25 – Karl Hase, German Protestant theologian and Church historian (died 1890)

• September 6 – Catharine Beecher, American educator (died 1878)
• September 11 – Daniel S. Dickinson, Confederate admiral (died 1866)

• September 12

• Pierre Charles Fournier de Saint-Amant, leading French chess master (died 1872)

• William Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck, 5th Duke of Portland (died 1879)

• September 13

• Franklin Buchanan, officer in the U.S. Navy who became an admiral in the Confederate Navy during the American Civil War (died 1874)

• David Stewart, American politician (died 1858)

• September 15 – Paul Friedrich, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (died 1842)

• September 19 – William McKean, admiral in the United States Navy (died 1865)

• September 20

• John Pascoe Grenfell, British admiral of the Brazilian Navy (died 1869)

• Benjamin Franklin White, American singing master (died 1879)

• September 22

• George Bentham, English botanist (died 1884)

• Thomas Holloway, English pharmacist and philanthropist (died 1883)

• September 23 – William Holmes McGuffey, American professor who created the McGuffey Readers (died 1873)

• September 30 – Decimus Burton, prolific English architect and garden designer (died 1881)
• October 1 – Lars Levi Laestadius, Swedish Lutheran pastor of Sami ancestry (died 1861)
• October 2 – Nat Turner, American slave rebel (died 1831)
• October 3 – George Bancroft, American historian and statesman (died 1891)
• October 8 – Jules Desnoyers, French geologist and archaeologist (died 1887)
• October 18 – Henry Taylor, English dramatist (died 1886)
• October 22 – Christian Lassen, German orientalist (died 1876)
• October 23 – Henri Milne-Edwards, French zoologist (died 1885)

• October 25

• Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay, British poet (died 1859)

• Jacques Paul Migne, French priest, theologian, and publisher (died 1875)

• October 26 – Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, German field marshal (died 1891)

• October 27 – Benjamin Wade, U.S. lawyer and politician (died 1878)

• November 4

• Edwin Waller, American entrepreneur (died 1881)

• George Long, English classical scholar (died 1879)

• November 17 – Achille Fould, French financier and politician (died 1867)

• November 18 – John Nelson Darby, British evangelist (died 1882)
• November 22 – Linn Boyd, U.S. politician (died 1859)
• December 1 – Mihály Vörösmarty, Hungarian poet (died 1855)
• December 3 – France Prešeren, Slovenian poet (died 1849)

• December 4

• Emil Aarestrup, Danish erotic poet (died 1856)

• William Fenwick Williams, British military (died 1883)

• December 5 – Thomas Ford, governor of Illinois (died 1850)

• December 7 – Giuseppe Gené, Italian naturalist and author (died 1847)
• December 20 – Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax, English statesman (died 1885)
• December 25 – John Phillips, English geologist (died 1874)
• December 27 – John Goss, English organist and composer (died 1880)
• December 29 – Charles Goodyear, American rubber magnate (died 1860)

• date unknown

• Elias Boudinot, Cherokee who started and edited the tribe’s first newspaper (died 1839)

• John McLeod Campbell, Scottish churchman (died 1872)
• Martín Perfecto de Cos, Mexican general (died 1854)
• James Glynn, United States Navy officer (died 1871)
• Edwin Guest, English antiquary (died 1880)
• Frederick Yeates Hurlstone, English painter (died 1869)
• Thomas Henry Lister, English novelist (died 1842)
• William Simson, Scottish painter (died 1847)
• Harriet Smithson, Irish actress (died 1854)

• Jacob Westervelt, American shipbuilder and mayor of New York (died 1856)

• probable

• Richard Lawrence, attempted assassin of Andrew Jackson (died 1861)

• William Nicholson, officer in the United States Navy (died 1872)

Deaths

January-June

• January 1 – Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton,

• January 6

• William Jones, English divine (born 1726)

• Friedrich Adolf Riedesel, German soldier (born 1738)

• January 9 – Jean Étienne Championnet, French general (born 1762)

• January 13 – Dempsey Burges, Republican U.S. Congressman (born 1751)
• January 20 – Thomas Mifflin, fifth President of the United States in Congress assembled under the Articles of Confederation (born 1744)
• January 22 – George Steevens, English Shakespearean commentator (born 1736)
• January 23 – Edward Rutledge, U.S. statesman (born 1749)
• February 2 – James C. Jarvis, United States Navy officer (born 1787)
• February 23 – Joseph Warton, English academic and literary critic (born 1722)
• March – Joseph de Guignes, French orientalist (born 1721)
• March 1 – John Hazelwood, officer in the Continental Navy (born 1726)
• March 14 – Daines Barrington, English naturalist (born 1727)
• March 21 – William Blount, U.S. statesman (born 1749)
• March 29 – Marc René, marquis de Montalembert, French military engineer and writer (born 1714)
• April 13 – Kazimierz Poniatowski, Polish nobleman (born 1721)

• April 25

• Ezekiel Cornell, Continental Congressman from Rhode Island (born 1732)

• William Cowper, English poet (born 1731)

• May 4 – Armand, duc d'Aiguillon (born 1750)

• May 7 – Niccola Piccinni, Italian composer (born 1728)
• May 18 – Alexander Suvorov, Count of Rymnik (born 1729)

• June 14

• Louis Charles Antoine Desaix, French military leader (killed in battle) (born 1768)

• Jean Baptiste Kléber, French general (assassinated) (born 1753)

• June 20 – Abraham Gotthelf Kästner, German mathematician (born 1719)

• June 24 – Charles Stewart, American revolutionary (born 1729)
• June 28 – Théophile Corret de la Tour d'Auvergne, Grenadier officer in the French army (born 1743)
• June 30 – Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney, British politician (born 1732)

July-December

• July 14 – Lorenzo Mascheroni, Italian mathematician (born 1750)
• July 18 – John Rutledge, governor of South Carolina (born 1739)
• August 24 – Rawlins Lowndes, American lawyer and jurist (born 1721)
• August 25 – Elizabeth Montagu, English literary critic (born 1720)
• August 31 – John Blair, American politician (born 1732)
• September 2 – Maciej Radziwiłł, Polish nobleman (born 1749)
• September 26 – William Billings, American choral composer (born 1746)
• September 27 – William Gibbons, American lawyer and revolutionary (born 1726)
• September 29 – Michael Denis, Austrian poet (born 1729)
• October 4 – Johann Hermann, German physician and naturalist (born 1738)
• October 10 – Gabriel Prosser,
• October 16 – Benjamin Huntington, American lawyer and politician (born 1736)
• October 28 – Artemas Ward, American Major General in the American Revolutionary War and a Congressman from Massachusetts (born 1727)
• November 5 – Jesse Ramsden, English astronomical instrument maker (born 1735)
• November 14 – François Claude Amour, marquis de Bouillé, French general (born 1739)
• November 30 – Matthew Robinson, 2nd Baron Rokeby, English eccentric nobleman (born 1712)
• December 7 – Wilhelm von Knyphausen, Hessian Lieutenant-General (born 1716)
• December 17 – William Peery, American farmer and lawyer (born 1743)
• December 26 – Mary Robinson, English poet (born 1756)
• December 27 – Hugh Blair, Scottish Presbyterian preacher and man of letters (born 1718)

• date unknown

• Jean-Baptiste Audebert, French artist and naturalist

• Samuel Barrington, British admiral (born 1729)
• Thomas Conway, Irish soldier (born 1734)
• Henry Cort, English ironmaster
• George Dixon, English sea captain and explorer (born 1755)
• Charles Johnstone, Irish writer (born 1719)
• Aleksander August Zamoyski, Polish nobleman

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1800”